COMPUTER HISTORY AND ITS GENERATIONS

The earliest computing device, which was used by Egyptians as early as 450 B.C., is ABACUS. The Chinese version of ABACUS was a bead on wires counting frame, which is still much is use in south east asia, China and Japan.

The first desktop calculator machine, which is capable to perform various arithmetic operations, was developed as early as 1642, which was pioneered by French scientist BLAISE PASCAL (1623-1662). This calculating machine mainly consisted of gears and wheels for calculations and this machine could perform only two basic operations i.e. addition and subtraction.

A German mathematician GOTTFRIED LEIBNITZ worked on improving this machine i.e. Pascal's calculator for performing four basic arithmetic operations (+,-,x,/).

Charles Babbage designed the early computer called difference engine in the year 1822. Which could produce reliable tables. He improved this machine and came out with a new idea of Analytical Engine in 1833, which could perform the basic arithmetic functions, which is intended to be completely automatic. This machine used punch cards as input output devices for basic input and output. He is called as "FATHER OF COMPUTERS".

GENERATIONS

FIRST GENERATION – Vacuum Tubes (1945-1960):

SECOND GENERATION - Transistor (1960-1965):

THIRD GENERATION – Integrated Circuit (1965-1975):

FOURTH GENERATION – Micro Processor (FROM 1975):

FIFTH GENERATION: - Artificial Intelligence

COMPUTER COMPONENTS

1.      Hard Disk

2.      Mouse

3.      Keyboard

4.      Monitor

ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER

1.      Facilitate work

2.      Store a variety of data

3.      Save costs

4.      Work becomes more tidy